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Marc Chagall
(1887-1985)

Chagall was Russian born painter. In 1907, he studied under L. N. Bakst in St. Petersburg. While in Paris around 1910 he began to incorporate elements of cubism into his expressionistic work.

He is seen as a forerunner of surrealism. He drew inspiration for his work in everyday Jewish life as well as images of childhood memories. His work is known for it's extraordinary formal inventiveness as well as it's dream-like fantasy. He was influenced by movements such as Cubism, Fauvism and Surrealism. He was not considered align with those movements. However Chagall is often seen as a forerunner of surrealism though. His most well-known works include 'I and the Village' (1911) and The Rabbi of Vitebsk. In 1945 He designed the sets and costumes for Stravinsky's ballet Firebird. Later he designed twelve stained-glass windows to symbolize the tribes of Israel. These were exhibited in Paris and New York City before being eventually being installed in the Hadassah-Hebrew Univ. Medical Center synagogue in Jerusalem in 1962. In 1966 he created two large murals for New York's Metropolitan Opera House, depicting the triumph of music. He also used stained-glass as a medium when he created The America Windows in 1977 to commemorate the US bicentennial. He created the windows as an expression of his addoration to the United States where he had fled during the Second World War. In 'The America Windows' Chagall celebrates the greatness of the United States as a country of freedom, liberty, and free religious expression. In later years Chagall illustrated numerous books, including Gogol's Dead Souls, La Fontaine's Fables, and Illustrations for the Bible. In 1973 a museum dedicated to his work was completed in France.

After his death in 1985 Chagall would come to be recognized as one of the 20th century's great masters of art.

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